Lab-created gems & stones are made in the lab and have 100% of the same composition and properties of their natural counterparts. Most look better than natural and all are listed as fine-quality gems. The origin of such gems and stones makes it affordable for consumers to get the same look without paying a hefty price.

Diamond

'Perfect' Diamond
'Perfect' Diamond is a diamond that is without cracks, carbon spots, or any other blemishes when it is examined under a 10 - power magnifier. 

Gold

Solid Gold
24 Karat fine gold is call Solid Gold. it is 99.99% gold. It is very difficult to make jewellery in 24 Karat gold as it is very soft. Therefore, mixing other metals to make gold alloy gives hardness and strength to gold jewellery.

Gold Filled
Gold Filled jewellery is made of a solid layer of gold bounded with heat and pressure to a base metal such as brass. Generally Gold Filled jewellery is 50 to 100,000 times thicker then regular gold plating and 17 to 25,000 times thicker then heavy gold electroplating.  

Gold Plated
Gold Plating is a method of depositing a thin layer of gold over the metal, which is most often copper or silver, by chemical or electrochemical method. Gold plated jewellery is very popular in modem times because it looks like gold jewellery but is highly affordability. 

Colour of Gold
Gold is found or made in yellow, green, red, and white colours. These various colours are produced by a variation in the alloy. Copper tends to give a reddish colour, nickel gives white, and silver and zinc tend to give a greenish colour to the gold. However, yellow and white gold are preferred in the making of jewellery. 

Silver

Fine Silver
Fine Silver (99.9%) is pure silver. There is no metal mixed in Fine Silver. It is again very soft because of its purity, and therefore, it is difficult to make jewellery in  fine silver.

Commercial Silver
Commercial Silver is another term for silver which has a purity of 99% or more.

Sterling Silver
Sterling Silver contains 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% in other metals ( usually copper). This has also been called 'Coin Silver' due to its use as currency in historic times in many countries. Fine quality silver jewellery is in 92.5% silver and is often marketed as "925 Sterling Silver". 

Silver Filled
A metal article covered or soldered by silver is called Silver Filled. According to Competition Bureau Canada, to obtain the Silver Filled quality-mark, the silver used should be 92.5% quality and should be 1/10th of the gross weight of the entire item.

Silver Plated
Silver Plating is when the base metal is plated with chemical, or with mechanical process,  or electroplated by silver. In jewellery the base metal used is generally copper, brass, or nickel silver. Items that are plated with 92.5 silver qualify as 'silver plated' according to Competition Bureau Canada.

Danish Silver
Silver items made in Denmark call Danish Silver items. Danish Silver is 83% fine silver. 

Nickel Silver
Nickel Silver is a combination of nickel, copper and zinc.  Though it is called Nickel Silver, it does not contain any silver at all.

Metals

Precious Metals
A Precious Metal is a rare metallic chemical element with high economic value.  Historically precious metals were considered as precious as currency and were in fact used as currency (like Gold coins). Precious metals are soft, less reactive, have a high luster, and have a higher melting point then other metals. In the jewellery industry, Gold, Silver,  Platinum, and Palladium are considered Precious Metals. These metals are also known as Noble Metals.

Base Metals
Base Metals are common and inexpensive metals.  Brass, Copper, and Zinc are Basic Metals to make jewellery:

Brass
Brass is an alloy of 40% zinc and 60% copper. The proportion of zinc and copper can be varied, which makes High Brass and Low Brass.

Copper
Copper is a chemical element with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is in a pinkish colour. It is believed that copper has the healing power for both the mind and body. From ancient times, copper jewellery has been popular for its healing properties. 

Zinc
Zinc is also a metallic chemical element and is used for making jewellery.

Britannia Metal
Britannia Metal is also a Pewter like alloy containing Antimony, Copper and Tin. It is called White Metal in the jewellery industry.  It has silver appearance, smooth, and its composition is generally 93% tin, 5% antimony, and 2% copper.

Pewter
Pewter is an alloy of low melting point metals such as Tin, Copper, and Antimony. Pewter jewellery is available in ancient designs as well as in modern designs.

Measurements 

Karat
In North America Karat is a unit of measure fineness. Solid gold, for example, is 24 karat gold. Gold jewellery is available in 22, 18, 14, 12, and 10 Karat gold. X-ray fluorescence instruments test the Karat measurement  of precious metals without  damaging the jewellery.

Carat
Carat is a measurement of weight for gemstones & pearls and it is 1/5th of a gram.  Other than North America Carat is used as Karat also which is a unit of purity for gold.

Ounce
A Ounce is a unit of mass. There are two kind of Ounce used today - International Avoirdupois Ounce and International Troy Ounce. Troy ounce is 10% heavier than the Avoirdupois ounce.

Pennyweight
A Pennyweight is 1/20th of a troy ounce.

Handmade
Jewellery that are made completely by hand and machines are not used in the process.

Hand Wrought 
Jewellery pieces that are made partly by machine and partly by hand.    

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